Muscles of the sex organs of Panagrolaimus detritophagus (Chromodorea: Rhabditida: Panagrolaimidae)

Summary The sex organs are important for nematode systematics, but the associated muscles rarely used as phylogenetic characters. This research aimed to study musculature of Panagrolaimus detritophagus , using confocal microscopy. ring-shaped anal sphincter is pierced by a biconical X-structure and connected two pairs processes subventral stomato-intestinal dorsal body wall. female has vaginal dilators that proximally invaginated depressor pair dorsoventral muscles. male 7-8 caudal diagonal located beneath ventral wall muscles, followed five postcloacal oblique paired posterior longitudinal cloacal opening tail tip. anterior retractors spicule connect capitula lateral wall; spicule-gubernacular protractors runs from part gubernaculum, run lip. Two gubernaculum erectors attached mid-gubernaculum, unpaired protractor extends ventrally attach at muscle pattern Rhabditidae-Cephalobidae type with 15-character code reconstructions: 63313-22234-42243.